The Use of Nano-machines in Molecular and Electromagnetic Communications: A Brief Survey

In recent years, we witnessed advances in biological science as well as nanotechnology which led to the design and construction of nano-scale useful devices to communicate with biological molecules and cells. Nanomachines are tiny devices at the scale of nanometer (10 -9 meters). These devices are still in the design and development phase. However, some nanosensors have been built and tested recently. This paper provides a brief overview of nanomachines in both Molecular and Electromagnetic Communications. Firstly, the architectural design and biological engineering of components in molecular communication is presented. Then, a detailed design and architecture of an electromagnetic nanodevice is reviewed. Moreover, this paper discusses a group of available and potential applications in this promising technology. Finally, a collection ofissues, challenges and opportunities that opens the door for more research studies is listed at the end of the paper.